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| Breast Cancer Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment Methods |
Breast cancer is cancer cells that occur within the milk channels within the breast tissue. 80 percent of breast cancers are invasive ductal carcinoma. Invasive ductal carcinoma indicates that breast cancer occurs in the milk ducts. Twenty percent of breast cancer is invasive lobular carcinoma. In this type, breast cancer develops in the milk glands, not in the milk channels. The proliferation and growth of cells that cause breast cancer takes quite some time. However, after proliferation, the cells can spread to other organs of the body through lymph and blood. The most important factor in breast cancer is the diagnosis of cancer without spreading to other organs via blood and lymph. The rate of treatment with a diagnosis made at this stage is very high. Therefore, early diagnosis is very important in breast cancer.
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women. Breast cancer seen in one out of every 10 women is seen in 20 out of every 100 thousand women. Breast cancer is very rare in men compared to women. However, when the disease develops, its course is faster and worse than breast cancer seen in women. One out of every 100 breast cancers is seen in men. Although the cause of breast cancer is not known exactly, many factors such as heredity, diet, socio-economic status, menstrual status, births, birth control pills can be mentioned.
The incidence of breast cancer increases with age. The risk of breast cancer, which is mostly seen in the 50-70 age group, increases when there is a family history of breast cancer. When breast cancer is seen in the mother or sibling, the risk of the disease increases 3-fold. For this reason, people with breast cancer in the family history should be checked frequently especially with the age of 40. Disruption of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, in other words, people with mutation are at high risk of developing both breast and ovarian cancer. Using hormone medication for more than 5 years during menopause is one of the factors that increase the risk of breast cancer.
What are the Symptoms of Breast Cancer?
Knowing the signs of breast cancer is very important for catching breast cancer at an early stage and for successful treatment. The most prominent breast cancer is the mass in the breast. The palpable mass may also be under the armpits outside the breast. If the mass is enlarged, pulling the nipple inward is also a sign of breast cancer. Although very rare, blood or bloodless discharge from the nipple may also indicate breast cancer. If the tumor causing the breast cancer becomes too large, edema occurs on the breast skin and swelling may occur. Redness and orange appearance are also common breast cancer symptoms. If breast cancer has spread, complaints about its spread may also occur.Recognizing the signs of breast cancer is very important to prevent the progression of breast cancer. For this reason, one has to know his / her own breast structure and know the risk factors. Every woman should start her own breast examination after the age of 20 in order to be aware of the signs of breast cancer. Self-breast examination 5-7 days after the end of menstruation; women who do not have menstruation should appear as they appear once a month.
Breast cancer symptoms can be listed as follows;
Usually painless, rigid, movement on the breastBreast; usually painless, rigid, movable or non-displaced, can grow over time structure and character of the swelling of the hand.
Visible change in breast size or shape.
Spot redness of the breast skin, bruise, wound, vascular dilatation, inward depression, diffuse small swellings, puncture recessions such as the appearance of orange peel.
Nipple and its around, color and shape change, nipple enlargement, flattening, inward collapse, deflection, crusting, cracks and wounds.
Bloody or bloodless discharge from the nipple.
Painful or painless swelling visible under the armpit.
Breast Cancer Risk Factors
Breast cancer risk factors are the most important risk factors that we cannot change. Breast cancer in the family history is one of the risk factors for breast cancer. Breast cancer seen in a first degree relative before the age of 50 increases the risk of breast cancer 3 times. Breast cancer is another important risk factor for breast cancer. In addition, the more people in the family have breast cancer and the earlier they are caught, the greater the risk.Another important risk factor in breast cancer is the density of breast tissue. People with less fat in the breast tissue increase the risk of breast cancer. The density of breast tissue can be measured by mamaografk and sonographic methods. Radiotherapy is one of the risk factors for breast cancer because it is applied near the chest especially in lymphoma patients. Therefore, it is recommended that patients who receive radiotherapy, especially lymphoma patients, should have lifelong controls frequently after treatment.
Early menstruation, which is considered a risk factor for breast cancer in women, should also be considered. Especially menstruating before the age of 11 and late menopause are considered to be at a higher risk of developing breast cancer. Breast cancer risk factors include breastfeeding or having your first pregnancy after the age of 30, consuming excessive alcohol and being overweight. In addition, estrogen hormone used to reduce the effects of menopause, especially after entering menopause, also increases the risk of breast cancer 1.5. times increase.
Bakınız = WHAT IS HEART PALPITATIONS? CAUSES OF HEART PALPITATIONS AND TREATMENT METHODS
Other breast cancer risk factors include;
Being a woman is a first degree risk factor in breast cancer.People with a family history of breast cancer are more likely to develop breast cancer than other people.
The risk of developing breast cancer increases with age.
White-skinned women are at 20% greater risk than dark-skinned women.5-10% of breast cancer cases are genetic. It occurs as a result of malfunctioning genes (mutations) in the family. Genetic mutation in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes is the most common cause of breast cancer. The risk for family members with the BRCA mutation is 80%.
Radiotherapy treatment before the age of 15, increases the risk of breast cancer to 35% after the age of 40.
Two-thirds of women 55 years of age and older have breast cancer spreading.
Factors such as aging or lifestyle may change the risk of breast cancer over time.
Factors such as aging or lifestyle may change the risk of breast cancer over time.
It has been found that long-term excessive smoking increases the risk of breast cancer.
Without physical activity and regular sports, a sedentary life increases the risk of developing breast cancer.
Obesity doubles the risk of breast cancer in women of childbearing age.
The use of birth control pills increases the risk of cancer 3 times in the family with breast cancer.
What can be done to reduce the risk of breast cancer?
There is increasing evidence that physical activity in the form of exercise reduces the risk of breast cancer. Rapid walks of at least 1,25 - 2.5 hours per week reduce the risk of breast cancer in women by 18%. If this gait is 10 hours a week, the risk rate is slightly reduced.Some research has suggested that long-term breastfeeding may slightly reduce breast cancer. Research shows that women taking birth control pills have a slightly lower risk of breast cancer than women who do not. When discontinuation of the pills, the risk ratio returns to normal.
Women who have had too much pregnancy and become pregnant at a young age are less likely to have breast cancer. The reason for this is the menstrual cycle that stops during pregnancy.
Knowing which subgroup of breast cancer you are facing in your treatment decision is very important for the success of the treatment.
Types of Breast Cancer
Breast cancer types are determined as a result of pathology examination on tissue taken by biopsy. Although there are many types of breast cancer, it is generally evaluated under two headings:Ductal carcinoma in the cells of the breast canal
Lobular carcinoma of the mammary glands
Ductal and lobular carcinomas are divided into non-invasive / in situ tumors and invasive tumors with diffuse features.
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
It is a type of cancer that cannot be determined by hand examination and shows itself with irregular structure and calcification in mammography. The patient with this disease may also have nipple discharge.
Lobular Carcinoma In Situ
It is an important symptom that increases the risk of developing breast cancer in both breasts 8-10 times. Patients who are in this condition are kept under regular control and close follow-up and at the same time they are given protective medications.
In some patients, procedures such as removing both breasts and emptying the breast tissue can be performed. Surgical procedures such as prosthesis and breast reconstruction, which are applied to prevent any cosmetic problems of the patient, also contribute positively to the social lives of the patients.
Breast cancer can be classified into only 2 groups until 10 years ago. In addition, individual and tumor-specific treatment methods have been developed with different treatment strategies.
Breast cancer can be classified into only 2 groups until 10 years ago. In addition, individual and tumor-specific treatment methods have been developed with different treatment strategies.
Invasive Carcinoma
The invasive type of cancer is formed by further spreading from the upper layer of the cell, the origin of the cancer. Most breast cancers are invasive carcinomas. Ductal carcinoma arising from the cells that make up the breast canal is the most common type of breast cancer among the cancers that have spread characteristics.
Inflammatory Breast Cancer
It is known as the fastest and worst type of breast cancer. Symptoms are similar to those of inflammatory diseases that completely surround the breast. It does not show any signs of mass, and sometimes it can only appear with symptoms such as redness and stiffness. In breast diseases that do not heal despite antibiotic treatment, it should be investigated whether there is an underlying cancer or not, until the contrary is proved, the patient should be considered as cancer and necessary examinations and investigations should be performed.
Breast Cancer Statistics
In 2012, 1.7 million new breast cancer cases were found in the world.The first 3 countries where breast cancer is most common are Belgium, Denmark and France.
of turkey breast cancer is most prevalent in countries located outside the top 20 in the rankings.
Breast cancer accounts for 12% of all cancers.
25% of cancers seen in women are breast cancer.
What is Mass and Cyst in Breast?
The palpable mass may be a cyst or a solid mass. Especially fibroadenoma and fibrocysts are very common breast masses. These coins are benign tumors that do not develop into cancer. Women do not know whether these masses they have noticed during breast control themselves are breast cancer or a harmless fibroadenoma mass. Fibroadenomas are very common especially in women under the age of 30 due to hormonal changes. The character of the breast mass is detected by breast ultrasound. Therefore, women should see a specialist doctor as soon as they notice a change in breast or mass. Breast ultrasound and mammography, if necessary, can provide an idea of the breast mass.
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